Unit 12 Btec P1 †Task P1A Free Essays

P1 – Describe the role internet marketing has in a modern marketing context using selected organisations as examples Internet marketing has played an important role as a means of advertising. All types of businesses have benefited from internet marketing when it comes to cost, relationship building and sales. Instantly millions of people can have access to a company, its products or services, and this can be done at any time anywhere in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 12 Btec P1 – Task P1A or any similar topic only for you Order Now Usually communication is done via e-mail reducing costs in telephone calls as well. And this benefits not only businesses which do not need to spend large sums of money on traditional ways of advertising but also benefits consumers who do not need to make telephone calls to know more about a company and its products or services; it is possible to find out everything with a few clicks. Internet marketing is also used to close deals which make the process easier and cheaper for the business and the customer. Even a mobile phone contract deal can be done via internet nowadays. Internet marketing also helps targeting overseas clients as products or services easily reach customers anywhere in the world through internet marketing. Relationship building is also one of the reasons why businesses use internet marketing; this can be done through e-mails received to update customers with latest products, services or news; another way to build good relationship with customers is by offering them services that can be done online without the hassle of going out to resolve an issue. One example is online banking where banks offer customers the facility of cancelling direct debits, make payments or transfers within minutes. How to cite Unit 12 Btec P1 – Task P1A, Papers

Management A Case Study of BT Plc

Question: To be able to identify the concept and principles associated with Corporate Social Responsibility To be able to present and interpret the gathered data in order to develop logical lines of arguments based on basic theories and concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility To be able to present the results of research in a structured way and with coherent arguments To be able to deliver prospective recommendations based on the result of research. Answer: Introduction The report presents an analysis of corporate social responsibilities of a company in UK. The chosen company for the analysis is BT Plc of UK. Corporate social responsibilities are important aspects of a business in present days. In the globalisation era, the companies try to maintain their own CSR in the business operation. The sole purpose of a business organisation is not profit making. An organisation has several other social, economical and environmental responsibilities in business process. The study considers different aspects of CSR for a company. The BT Plc is a telecommunication company operating in UK. The company has responsibilities for societies as well for stakeholders. For a telecommunication company, the corporate social responsibilities are regarding facilitating good communication service to the customers, application of innovative technologies, developing value chain in business (Navi 2012). Protection of customer rights is another important responsibility of a telecommunication company. Among the different aspects of CSR, one of the important aspects is responsibility to provide eco friendly service to the users and society. Business organisations often undertake charitable activities to improve society, especially where the company is located. Definitions of CSR and importance of different aspects Definitions of CSR In different literatures, corporate social responsibilities have been described in many ways. There are disparities in the definitions of CSR. Different organisations interpret the meaning of CSR in different ways. Navi (2012) mentioned that, CSR is the organisations concern on the issues beyond its business basic requirements such as economic, legal or technical. On the other hand, Aguinis and Glavas (2012) argued that CSR is the social responsibilities of an organisation to maintain legal, ethical and economic aspects in the business process. Crane et al (2013) mentioned different definitions of CSR in their research paper. According to international labour organisation, CSR is a method of presenting the impact of companys business operation on the society. CSR reflects the values and principles of the organisation. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills of UK describes CSR as temporary actions taken by an organisation ensuring least legal requirements to benefit both own business and wider society. In the view of World Economic Forum, the global corporate organisations are acts in their self interest as the prosperity of the organisation depends on social, economic and environmental factors. Aguinis and Glavas (2012) cited that companies involve themselves in the corporate social responsibilities due to pressure and expectations from different stakeholders. The stakeholders can be share holders, customers or media. Stakeholders have three main interests to engage companies into CSR. The interests may be driven by self-interest, or emerge from the relationship among different interest group or may be moral. Moral interest comes from maintaining ethical standard in business process. Importance of different aspects of CSR Corporate social responsibilities have several dimensions in both individual level and institutional level. Servaes and Tamayo (2013) presented a structure of CSR for an applicable for an organisation. The corporate value of an organisation is associated with the customers, suppliers, employees and shareholders. In the view of Bowen (2013), there are three aspects of CSR, which are economic, social and environmental aspects. Figure 1: Different dimensions of CSR (Source: Bowen 2013) Economic dimension of CSR Understanding economic aspect is important to assess impact of economic variable in the operation of the organisation. In past days, economic aspects are often misunderstood as financial impact on the organisation. Economic aspect in not only the considerations of companys financial matter or recording employment data, rather it is the considerations of impact of companys operation on the greater community and the stakeholders (Cornelissen 2014). A business organisation is definitely a profit making organisation. However, operation of the organisation has some economic values. It contributes in countrys GDP and takes part in economys growth process (Crane et al. 2013). Multiplier effect: The activity of the organisation has impact on employees, consumes, suppliers and the wider environment in which the company operates. If the organisations performance in current period is good, it has prospect to get better investment opportunity in long run. The investment can be made for the structural development of the company and for the well being of the employees. If there is development of the company, dividends of the shareholders and the income of the employees increase (Hopkins 2012). Therefore, standard of living of the employees improves. As the income of the employee increases, demand for goods and services rises. This multiplier effect further influences other industries to increase their production. This chain effect increases the output of the whole economy and contributes in the growth process of the economy (Cheng et al. 2014). Therefore, economic aspects of CSR in present context are very much important. Tax effect: Corporation tax is a major source of income of the government of an economy. The tax collected from the corporate is used for the social well being. Therefore, it is the responsibility of every corporate to pay the tax properly as it is a part of CSR (Kitzmueller and Shimshack 2012). Social dimension of CSR Social aspects of CSR are now gets attention in most of the organisations. The organisations participate in many social activities now a day. Sometimes, corporations engage themselves directly or indirectly in poverty reduction programme or any social awareness program. They sponsor different non profit organisation or NGOs. The progress of the company depends on the health of the society (Homburg et al 2013). They take part in social welfare by recruiting people from diversified culture or socially deprived people. The organisations often sponsors sport events to encourage local community as sport has important role in social development (Asif et al. 2013). Environmental dimensions In present decades, sustainable development is major concern for every economy. As per sustainable development goals set by United Nations, every public, private organisations and government need to take part in the welfare of civil society (un.org, 2016). Natural resource consumption affects the sustainable development of the economy and the world. Environment oriented activities, cleaner production, maintaining ecological footprint is part of environmental dimensions of CSR. Application of CSR on BT Plc Being a leading telecom company in UK, BT Plc has immense responsibility towards society. The aspects of CSR for a telecommunication company are providing uninterrupted mobile networking, facilities of emergency communication, technological development etc. Moreover, BT Plc is has added responsibility in the form of contribution in growth of UK. Protection of rights of customers, meeting needs of them, supplying quality service etc is social dimensions of CSR of a telecommunication company (Brammer et al. 2012). BT Plc has also responsibilities of their employees such as safeguarding the interest of the employees; maintain labour laws of UK, encouraging employees to engage themselves in decision making process of management. It is part of BTs CSR to do business ensuring highest productivity of allocated resources. Maximum productivity subject to efficient utilisation of resources is aspect of CSR of BT Plc. Efficient utilisation of resources reduces carbon emission in the society (BTconferencing.com, 2016) CSR model used by BT Plc Figure 2: CSR model followed by BT (Source: btplc.com, 2016) The goal of BT Plc is to achieve three goals mentioned above by 2020. There are two main dimensions of the CSR of BT, which are social and environmental aspects. Social dimensions of CSR There is a supporters club in BT, which is a part of charitable initiative of BT. This club encourages people to take part in sports with the aim of improving lives of people. This initiative has been taken by management of BT to improve lives of millions of young people globally. The company has sports channel, which collects money from the customers, who wishes to join the sports club (btplc.com, 2016). The donation is used to help the people, who face economical, social or physical challenge in life. The donations are used for disable children, raising employment. The company also arranges programme, which engages young people in community services. BT helps the international projects of educational and health organisation. The organisations, which use football or motorbike to reach the socially deprived children or to save life of people in isolated village, get helps from BT. This Company engages its employees in volunteering process of social activity such as fund raising proce ss. During 2014, the company took a project named Challenge Africa project, which had objective to build a primary school in Kenya (btplc.com, 2016). The project involved the employees of BT, which used the management, leadership skills of employee. The Challenge Africa project had another dimension such as introducing employees with different culture of a developing country. Engaging employees for the benefit of the community has great social face. Along with this, maintaining high ethics in business operation and supply chain standard are parts of CSR of BT. Environmental dimension of CSR The management of BT tries to maintain a good business practices. They maintain high ethical standard by protecting human rights and data security. They aim to reduce carbon intensity about 80% by 2020. In order to reduce carbon footprint, they have developed a carbon calculator. This tool helps the user to know the amount of carbon reduction by using ICT products. During 2005, the company signed a green energy contract, which aimed to use of environment friendly resources such as wind and solar power, hydroelectricity and wave. The objective of the company is to provide an integrated network platform, which is energy efficient with higher capacities. Use of energy saving technology gives advantage to the company in carbon reduction (Korschun et al. 2014). Advantage of CSR policies The CSR model of BT Plc has helped the company to grow business globally. The social and environmental dimension of CSR policies has been able to improve customer satisfaction. Increasing customer satisfaction has helped to development of business. Engagement of long term business goal with good CSR practice and sustainability has been able to reduce brand damage. CSR policies have helped the company to develop good leadership approach in the business process. Moreover, the company has been successful to replace traditional techniques of audit by comprehensive assessment techniques in business model. This company has developed a good relation with the suppliers by taking strategy of using renewable energy in production. Reduction in carbon emission has helped collaboration with suppliers. Furthermore, the management method gives the company and the suppliers, the scope of quality matter inspection (Baumann-Pauly et al. 2013). This strategy helps to strengthen supply chain management of BT Plc. Disadvantages of CSR The company faces some risks regarding CSR policies. The risks are regarding working condition of supply chain. The BT Plc has global presence. Therefore, the company faces risks as in some countries; the labour and environment regulations are not enforced strongly (Lee et al. 2012). Therefore, the company has to face risks about the product and service standard below global acceptable level. There are risks regarding health and safety of the employees. Risk is appeared in the form of climate change. Change in climate may hinder the process of achieving environmental sustainability goal of the company. Being a multinational company, BT Plc has to maintain a diversified culture in the organisation. Hence, the company may face risks if employees cannot adjust themselves with the multicultural aspects of the company. This can affect the performance of the company in the competitive market. Furthermore, failing to comply with diversity can reduce business reputation of the company. Recommendations BT has good CSR practice in business operation. Although having high valued CSR, the company faces some risks. Improvement of CSR policies can mitigate the risks. In order to perform better, the company can ask the external stakeholders associated with business to evaluate companys performance regarding CSR practice. The stakeholders can rate the BT Plcs social activities and environmental practices. Rating by community is more reliable compared to its internal rating. The company gives more importance to environment and social aspects. Economic aspects of CSR are comparatively neglected in the companys CSR model. Therefore, incorporation of economic dimension in the CSR model can be recommended to the company to improve business performance in global context. The company can emphasis on return on investment aspects. In order to do this, BT Plc can improve human resource management policies. Increase in employee satisfaction decreases the rate of employee turnover in the organisation. Strict governance policies sometimes increase dissatisfaction of the employees in the workplace (Moser and Martin 2012). Hence, less formalisation can create friendly environment in the work place and a good organisational culture. Minimisation of waste and best use of resource increases CSR of the company towards society. This corporate strategy may give the company a competitive advantage in the market. The company engages the employees in the social development process. Other stakeholders such as customers, suppliers and shareholders can also take part in the social dimensions of CSR. Active involvement of stakeholders in the business process improves the relationship, which helps the company to grow in long term. The company faces legal risks in fulfilling CSR. Collaborations with consultants, who have knowledge regarding environment and other legal issues, can help the company to reduce risks. Conclusions The report discusses different aspects of corporate social responsibilities of a business organisation. The study has been conducted on BT plc of UK. This company is a telecommunication company operating in UK. The company has global exposure. Therefore, it has different dimensions of business. Corporate social responsibilities model incorporates different stakeholders of a company such as customer, suppliers, shareholders etc. Three dimensions of CSR have been described in this report. Three dimensions are economic, social and environmental. Now a day, these three aspects have become unavoidable part of a business. Different definitions of CSR have been described in this study. Different organisations and companies describe CSR from different angles. The CSR model followed by BT Plc has also three dimensions. The company gives emphasis more on social and environment aspects of CSR. CSR model of BT Plc incorporates customers, suppliers and environment in the model. Connecting society with business process in one of the philosophy of companys CSR. In order to do this, the company engages itself with different social welfare project both locally and globally. It engages itself with social projects such as encouraging young people to involve with different sports. The company donates the fund collected from different social activities in charity. The donations are used for the improvement of lives of socially and economically vulnerable people. It has conducted a project to build a primary school at a socially backward region of Africa. This activity signifies high CSR practice by BT Plc. The company has target to reduce 80% carbon emission by 2020. Although the company maintains good ethics and CSR in business, it faces some risks in CSR practices. There is a risk of climate change, which can negatively affect the sustainable development policy of the company. Hen ce, some recommendations have been made for the improvement of the future CSR in the company. References Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2012. What we know and dont know about corporate social responsibility a review and research agenda.Journal of management,38(4), pp.932-968. Asif, M., Searcy, C., Zutshi, A. and Fisscher, O.A., 2013. An integrated management systems approach to corporate social responsibility.Journal of Cleaner Production,56, pp.7-17. Baumann-Pauly, D., Wickert, C., Spence, L.J. and Scherer, A.G., 2013. Organizing corporate social responsibility in small and large firms: Size matters.Journal of Business Ethics,115(4), pp.693-705. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Bowen, H.R., 2013.Social responsibilities of the businessman. University of Iowa Press. Brammer, S., Jackson, G. and Matten, D., 2012. Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-Economic Review,10(1), pp.3-28. Btconferencing.com. (2016).BT corporate social responsibility - About us - BT Conferencing. [online] Available at: https://www.btconferencing.com/about-us/social-responsibility/ [Accessed 6 Aug. 2016]. Btplc.com. (2016).CSR achievement stories. [online] Available at: https://www.btplc.com/Careercentre/Ourlocations/UK/Apprenticeships/TheBTStory/BeingResponsible/CSRachievementstories/index.htm [Accessed 6 Aug. 2016]. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance.Strategic Management Journal,35(1), pp.1-23. Cornelissen, J., 2014.Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L.J., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in a global context.Chapter in: Crane, A., Matten, D., and Spence, LJ,'Corporate Social Responsibility: Readings and Cases in a Global Context,2, pp.3-26. de Bakker, F., 2016.Managing corporate social responsibility in action: talking, doing and measuring. CRC Press. Homburg, C., Stierl, M. and Bornemann, T., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in business-to-business markets: How organizational customers account for supplier corporate social responsibility engagement.Journal of Marketing,77(6), pp.54-72. Hopkins, M., 2012.Corporate social responsibility and international development: is business the solution?. Earthscan. Kitzmueller, M. and Shimshack, J., 2012. Economic perspectives on corporate social responsibility.Journal of Economic Literature,50(1), pp.51-84. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), pp.20-37. Lee, E.M., Park, S.Y., Rapert, M.I. and Newman, C.L., 2012. Does perceived consumer fit matter in corporate social responsibility issues?.Journal of Business Research,65(11), pp.1558-1564. Moser, D.V. and Martin, P.R., 2012. A broader perspective on corporate social responsibility research in accounting.The Accounting Review,87(3), pp.797-806. Navi, S.T., 2012. Corporate social responsibility. [online] Available at https://yamato-hd.co.jp/investors/library/annualreport/pdf/2013/ar2013_10.pdf [Accessed 6 Aug. 2016] Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2013. The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness.Management Science,59(5), pp.1045-1061. un.org (2016). Sustainable Development Goals [online] Available at: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/ [Accessed 6 Aug. 2016]

Recycling Comprises of Sustainable Systems Design

Question: Discuss about the Recycling Comprises of Sustainable Systems Design. Answer: Introduction: As opined by Childers et al. (2014), Design and Management of Sustainable Built Environments is mostly based on advanced knowledge of the major subjects that is required for meeting the target of reduction of carbon emission. It is also based on the overall context of climatic change and resource exhaustion. It mostly deals with the scrutiny, amalgamation, design, measurement of modern, and energy competent environmental systems. It also makes the use of analytical and computer imitation techniques. It develops understanding in environmental engineering and building design as well as management of design. A chronic theme all through the program is concerned with the self-motivated nature of incorporated design as well as operation and management of sustainable built surroundings. The chronic theme covers urban sustainability, intelligent operation and management. The course acts in response to the global demand for building services engineers who have a good knowledge of engineering principles as well as the ability to apply this understanding within the services industry of the building. The building service engineers design all the systems in such a way that are required for inhabitants to carry out their trade. These systems comprise heating, illumination, electrical systems as well as air-conditioning. The aim is increasingly involved with the stipulation of sustainable and green building within the system. Services that are associated with the program are designed and fixed carefully so that they are inconspicuous and aesthetically pleasant and also work in agreement with the architecture of the building. The program will also act in response to the global demand for constructing services engineers who have a good understanding of the engineering objectives and the capability to apply the knowledge to the complicated circumstances that p revails within the industry of the building services (Ward and Peppard 2016). As opined by Mumovic and Santamouris (2013), with the increasing intricacy of engineering services in modern buildings and the importance of energy maintenance, the responsibility of building services engineer is becoming more and more imperative. The MSc program is appropriate for current engineering and technology graduates, shifting into building services and associated disciplines. It is also appropriate for established engineers as well as technologists who works in building services. These individuals face the challenge of new areas of prospects. Mangers and designers are also impacted positively with the MSc program and they also require to widen their experience and necessitate updating. Building service engineering implies the implementation of engineering services, which is helpful to understand the impact of the internal environment of the building. In this regard, it can be stated that building service architect has the experience in integration of building services. The architect requires to focus on the design, construction, environmental and the electrical technology etc. Moreover, it can be mentioned that building services engineering software would be helpful for the building construction by using the computer aided technology (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). This study is also helpful to discuss the MVAC system, electrical and the distribution system, lighting system, which are important for the building service system. Building details The buildings in Hong Kong are developed based on the different sub parts such as 2 storey floors, office, data centre, gym room, plant room, canteen, machine room, electrical and the mechanical rooms. It can be assumed that total floor area is approximately 1200 meter square. On the other hand, this study has highlighted the development of the traditional system. In this connection, it can be mentioned that electrical and the distribution is the major section, which is required to develop under the traditional system design. As opined by Bocanegra-Martnez et al. (2014), in order to design the electrical and the distribution system, the architect requires to focus to the concept of loading evaluation. This would in turn depend upon the FS pumps, A/C loading. The power of the FS pumps require to be 50 kilo watt and the total power of the loading estimating would be approximately 162 kilo watt. On the other hand, the construction of loading estimation is depending upon the lighting and power development. Therefore, it can be inferred that the overall power, which is required for the development of the electrical and distribution system is approximately 275 kilo watt. Moreover, it can be stated that traditional system design has followed the vertical transportation system. As per this technique, an architect of Hong Kong is willing to use the hydraulic lift. It is benefitted to provide the consumers a barrier free environment. The maximum capacity of the lift is to carry 9 to 10 passengers. In addition, the fire service system was developed by following some definite regulations, practices. With the help of this fire service system, the users would be able to get the protection and also feel safe. Therefore, it can be added that protection of human life is the main priority of fire service system. In order to install the fire service system, the architect requires to content the fire hydrant, automated sprinkler system, manual or automated fire alarm technology, emergency lighting system etc. As it can be stated that fire service system is benefitted for the life protection of the consumers, therefore, it is necessary to understand the design criteria of fire service system. Firstly, the designer requires to follow the LPC rules for the installation of automated sprinkler. The capacity of sprinkler tank requires to be OH 3 hazards in size. In addition, it can be added that the sprinkler tank can cover approximately 12 meter square. Lastly, it can be observed that the installation of an ordinary hazard can flow 1000L/ minimum rate. On the other hand, fire hydrants flow rate is approximately 900L/s. The drainage system of a building can discharge approximately 0.5 m/s to 2m/s. This proves that the drainage system would be able to remove all the storm water of a building. Advantage of using rainwater re-cycling system It is known that three fourth of the planet is made of water. In this point, it can be mentioned that the water of oceans cannot be utilized for the drinking purpose or for irrigation. Therefore, Bocanegra-Martnez et al. (2014) cited that there are the constant shortages of water, which is either good for drinking or also for industrial use. Therefore, it can be mentioned that rainwater requires to collect for the further utilization. Precisely, it can be stated that rainwater harvesting is a technique to collect, filter, store as well as using of rainwater for the purpose of irrigation. The advantages of rainwater for irrigation can be described in the following manner: According to Ahmed and Toze (2015), it can be mentioned that harvesting rainwater helps the farmer by providing greater utility as the energy resources. In this connection, it can be mentioned that drinking water is not renewable. Moreover, it helps to reduce the wastages. The process of collecting rain water is depending upon the simple and easier technology. () added that the overall cost of installing the operational technology is comparatively easier than the water purifying or water pumping procedure. Water collection in the rainwater harvesting procedure can be used for the different non-drinking program. In case of industrial program, harvesting rain water will be helpful for performing several industrial operations. In this context, it can be mentioned that burden of soil erosion in a large number of areas allows the land to thrive. Moreover, it can be stated that stored water in cistern for further use when water supplies are lower (Ghaffour, Missimer and Amy 2013). In the words of Ward, Memon and Butler (2012), it can be mentioned that rainwater harvesting system is useful for the building of new infrastructure. Most of the rooftops are treated as the workable catchment area, which are linked as the harvesting system. This would in turn reduce the effect of environment by the reduction of the utility of duel based machineries. Rain water is free from the chemicals of the ground water. This would be suitable for the irrigation. Moreover, it can be mentioned that storing of larger reservoirs of harvested rain water is benefitted for performing several operation of irrigation. Reduction of demand on ground water: In the point of Taylor et al. (2013), it can be mentioned that with the rise in population, the demand of water has been increasing day by day. Therefore, there is a huge demand of ground water. This would in turn led to the depletion of ground water, however, it can be added that level of ground water is at lower level due to the scarcity of water. In this respect, it can be rain water storage system would be helpful to reduce the chances of floods in the low lying areas. Instead of this, Blaikie (2016) opined that this technique would be benefitted to reduce the soil erosion and can contaminate the surface water with fertilisers. Resulting, the lakes and the ponds would be cleaner. Advantage of grey water for flushing: According to Abdel-Kader (2013), it can be mentioned that grey water recycling system is helpful to save money and can increase the water supply where irrigation is required. In this context, it can be stated that residential water used in the split between the outdoor and indoor. Except of toilet water would be recycled outdoors. It would achieve equal outcome effectively by diverting the less water from the environment. Therefore, in a synopsis, it can be stated that grey water is the process of discharging of waste water from domestic activities. As a result, grey water can recycle the water for other uses that is the uses of irrigation or for toilet flushing. In the words of Fountoulakis et al. (2016), grey water for flushing would be gathered separately from black water. This requires to be eventually disinfected for the reuses as well as also for the non potable water sources. Reusing grey water is assumed as cheap as bucketing water outside. In this purpose, Bani-Melhem et al. (2015) added that grey water can be diverted to the garden. Therefore, advanced system is also useful for the collection and treating of indoor grey water and also for laundry washing The advantages of grey water can be described as the following manner: Constructed wetlands are useful for the further treatment of wastewaters. As a result, it can be mentioned that physical, chemical and the biological methods would combine to remove contaminants from the wastewater. Multi stage and the rotation of biological contractors are useful for the waste water treatment. These are usually followed by the initial sedimentation stage along with the ultimate clarification stage, and these are important for the removal of biomass. The function of sequencing batch reactors is performed by following four stages such as fill, aeration, decanting and settling. Sequencing batch reactors for the grey water treatment is helpful for the use of recycling water. Moreover, it can be mentioned that grey water recycling process is an essential sources for the growing of plant, especially in the arid climates. Grey water contains approximately one tenth nitrogen of black water. This can be significantly removed by the biological uptake in plants. On the other hand, it can be opined that potable water can reduce the demand from the water utility. This will in turn reduce the water bills. Grey water would be benefitted to enhance the life of the sewers. Therefore, the energy will be saved (Ma et al. 2015). Advantages of Solar panel as sustainable system to provide hot water The distinctive focus of the Sustainable System Design is on an accurately interdisciplinary strategy to the design as well as operation of sustainable buildings and cities. The objective of the program is to offer a logical framework for the regulation and management. Each module of the program comprises assemblies that are delivered by most important practitioners. The program is constantly informed not only by the most recent developments in industry but also by on-going global research. This program is ideal for experts in the built surrounding that includes engineers, managers of facilities and performance evaluators. The challenges that are associated with the program include disintegration of disciplines in built surroundings. The aim is to prepare experts to address these challenges with the help of acquisition of major practical skills of analysis and simulation in technical problems (Dupeyrat, Mnzo and Fortuin 2014). Solar hot water systems are a truly renewable energy source to heat water for household use. A solar hot panel mostly provides hot water between 50 to 90 percent of hot water requirement. The amount of hot water mostly depends on the local climate and the model of solar hot water heater that is installed. Solar panel that provides hot water generally comes with electric or gas boosters. The advantage of using solar panel as sustainable system is that although it costs more to purchase and install it, the extra upfront cost gets recovered as it reduces electricity bills. It is sustainable mostly due to the fact that it can be harnessed in all areas of the world. It is also easily reached as long as there is sun. it also involves low maintenance cost and also the most reliable solar panel manufacturers give 20-25 years of warranty. The technology that is used in the solar water systems are also continuously getting advanced that is also likely to get strengthened in the future. The eff ectiveness is also likely to get increased due to innovation in quantum physics as well as nanotechnology. The solar water heater is also likely to cut cost by half. This in turn will lead to corresponding reduction in pollution. As a result, the installation of solar water heater will reduce hot water carbon footprint by half. At the similar time, an individual is likely to conserve nonrenewable fuels. It also increases the value in the household of Hong Kong. Although, the initial cost of purchasing a solar water heater is high, the government of Hong Kong has introduced schemes that will in turn encourage the adoption of renewable sources of energy. The inverters are the only that requires to be changed in the following 5-10 years (Gill et al. 2015). References Abdel-Kader, A.M., 2013. Studying the efficiency of grey water treatment by using rotating biological contactors system.Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences,25(2), pp.89-95. Ahmed, W. and Toze, S., 2015.Microbiological quality and associated health risks with the use of roof-captured rainwater. IWA Publishing, London. Bani-Melhem, K., Al-Qodah, Z., Al-Shannag, M., Qasaimeh, A., Qtaishat, M.R. and Alkasrawi, M., 2015. On the performance of real grey water treatment using a submerged membrane bioreactor system.Journal of Membrane Science,476, pp.40-49. Baskerville, R.L. and Wood-Harper, A.T., 2016. A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research. InEnacting Research Methods in Information Systems: Volume 2(pp. 169-190). Springer International Publishing. Blaikie, P., 2016.The political economy of soil erosion in developing countries. Routledge. Bocanegra-Martnez, A., Ponce-Ortega, J.M., Npoles-Rivera, F., Serna-Gonzlez, M., Castro-Montoya, A.J. and El-Halwagi, M.M., 2014. Optimal design of rainwater collecting systems for domestic use into a residential development.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,84, pp.44-56. Childers, D.L., Pickett, S.T., Grove, J.M., Ogden, L. and Whitmer, A., 2014. Advancing urban sustainability theory and action: Challenges and opportunities.Landscape and Urban Planning,125, pp.320-328. Dupeyrat, P., Mnzo, C. and Fortuin, S., 2014. Study of the thermal and electrical performances of PVT solar hot water system.Energy and Buildings,68, pp.751-755. Fountoulakis, M.S., Markakis, N., Petousi, I. and Manios, T., 2016. Single house on-site grey water treatment using a submerged membrane bioreactor for toilet flushing.Science of the Total Environment,551, pp.706-711. Friend, J. and Jessop, N., 2013.Local Government and Strategic Choice (Routledge Revivals): An Operational Research Approach to the Processes of Public Planning. Routledge. Ghaffour, N., Missimer, T.M. and Amy, G.L., 2013. Technical review and evaluation of the economics of water desalination: current and future challenges for better water supply sustainability.Desalination,309, pp.197-207. Gill, N., Osman, P., Head, L., Voyer, M., Harada, T., Waitt, G. and Gibson, C., 2015. Looking beyond installation: Why households struggle to make the most of solar hot water systems.Energy Policy,87, pp.83-94. Hensen, J.L. and Lamberts, R. eds., 2012.Building performance simulation for design and operation. Routledge. Ma, Y., Metch, J.W., Vejerano, E.P., Miller, I.J., Leon, E.C., Marr, L.C., Vikesland, P.J. and Pruden, A., 2015. 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W Ppppp Essay Example

W Ppppp Essay Final Exam Review Note: This hand-out is designed to provide additional review materials for your exam. The practice problems included are not all inclusive and this should be reviewed in conjunction with your practice exam, coursepacket materials and homework problems. Chapter 14 1. On January 1, 2007, Ann Rosen loaned $45,078 to Joe Grant. A zero-interest-bearing note (face amount, $60,000) was exchanged solely for cash; no other rights or privileges were exchanged. The note is to be repaid on December 31, 2009. The prevailing rate of interest for a loan of this type is 10%. The present value of $60,000 at 10% for three years is $45,078. What amount of interest income should Ms. Rosen recognize in 2007? a. $4,508. b. $6,000. c. $18,000. d. $13,524. 2. A company issues $20,000,000, 7. 8%, 20-year bonds to yield 8% on January 1, 2007. Interest is paid on June 30 and December 31. The proceeds from the bonds are $19,604,145. Using effective-interest amortization, how much interest expense will be recognized in 2007? a. $780,000 b. $1,560,000 c. $1,568,498 d. $1,568,332 3. Carr Corporation retires its $100,000 face value bonds at 105 on January 1, following the payment of interest. The carrying value of the bonds at the redemption date is $103,745. The entry to record the redemption will include a a. credit of $3,745 to Loss on Bond Redemption. b. debit of $3,745 to Premium on Bonds Payable. c. credit of $1,255 to Gain on Bond Redemption. d. debit of $5,000 to Premium on Bonds Payable. DR Bonds Payable 100,000 DR Premium 3,745 DR Loss 1,255 CR Cash 105,000 4. The printing costs and legal fees associated with the issuance of bonds should a. e expensed when incurred. b. be reported as a deduction from the face amount of bonds payable. c. be accumulated in a deferred charge account and amortized over the life of the bonds. d. not be reported as an expense until the period the bonds mature or are retired. Page 1 of 10 5. The generally accepted method of accounting for gains or losses from the early extinguishment of debt treats any gain or loss as a. an ad justment to the cost basis of the asset obtained by the debt issue. b. an amount that should be considered a cash adjustment to the cost of any other debt issued ver the remaining life of the old debt instrument. c. an amount received or paid to obtain a new debt instrument and, as such, should be amortized over the life of the new debt. d. a difference between the reacquisition price and the net carrying amount of the debt which should be recognized in the period of redemption as an other expense on the income statement. 6. A corporation called an outstanding bond obligation four years before maturity. At that time there was an unamortized discount of $300,000. To extinguish this debt, the company had to pay a call premium of $100,000. We will write a custom essay sample on W Ppppp specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on W Ppppp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on W Ppppp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ignoring income tax considerations, how should these amounts be treated for accounting purposes? a. Amortize $400,000 over four years. b. Charge $400,000 to a loss in the year of extinguishment. c. Charge $100,000 to a loss in the year of extinguishment and amortize $300,000 over four years. d. Either amortize $400,000 over four years or charge $400,000 to a loss immediately, whichever management selects. 7. On June 1, 2006, Janson Bottle Company sold $400,000 in long-term bonds for $351,040. The bonds will mature in 10 years and have a stated interest rate of 8% and a yield rate of 10%. The bonds pay interest annually on May 31 of each year. The bonds are to be accounted for under the effective-interest method. Instructions (a) Construct a bond amortization table for this problem to indicate the amount of interest expense and discount amortization at each May 31. Include only the first four years. Make sure all columns and rows are properly labeled. (Round to the nearest dollar. ) (b) The sales price of $351,040 was determined from present value tables. Specifically explain how one would determine the price using present value tables. c) Assuming that interest and discount amortization are recorded each May 31, prepare the adjusting entry to be made on December 31, 2008. (Round to the nearest dollar. ) (a) Date 6/1/06 5/31/07 5/31/08 5/31/09 5/31/10 (b) (1) (2) Credit Cash $32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 Debit Interest Expense $35,104 35,414 35,756 36,131 Credit Carrying Amount Bond Discount of Bonds $351,040 $3,104 354,144 3,414 357,558 3,756 361,314 4,131 365,445 Fin d the present value of $400,000 due in 10 years at 10%. Find the present value of 10 annual payments of $32,000 at 10%. Add (1) and (2) to obtain the present value of the principal and the interest 20,858* 18,667** 2,191 payments. (c) Interest Expense Interest Payable .. Discount on Bonds Payable *7/12 ? $35,756 (from Table) = $20,858 **7/12 ? 8% ? $400,000 = $18,667 Page 2 of 10 Chapter 15: 1. E15-1:Porter Corp. purchased its own par value stock on January 1, 2010 for $20,000 and debited the treasury stock account for the purchase price. The stock was subsequently sold for $12,000. The $8,000 difference between the cost and sales price should be recorded as a deduction from a. additional paid-in capital to the extent that previous net gains from sales of the same class of stock are included therein; otherwise, from retained earnings. b. additional paid-in capital without regard as to whether or not there have been previous net gains from sales of the same class of stock included therein. c. retained earnings. d. net income. 2. Which of the following best describes a possible result of treasury stock transactions by a corporation? . May increase but not decrease retained earnings. b. May increase net income if the cost method is used. c. May decrease but not increase retained earnings. d. May decrease but not increase net income. 3. When a corporation issues its capital stock in payment for services, the least appropriate basis for recording the transaction is the a. market value of the services received. b. par value of the shares issued. c. market value of the shares issued. d. Any of these provides an appropriate basis for recording the transaction. . Direct costs incurred to sell stock such as underwriting costs should be accounted for as 1. a reduction of additional paid-in capital. 2. an expense of the period in which the stock is issued. 3. an intangible asset. a. b. c. d. 1 2 3 1 or 3 5. A feature common to both stock splits and stock dividends is a. a transfer to earned capital of a corporation. b. that there is no effect on total stockholders equity. c. an increase in total liabilities of a corporation. d. a reduction in the contributed capital of a corporation. Stock splits – change in par value and change in number of shares Stock dividend – DR Retained Earnings and CR CS dividend distributable (and APIC if small stock dividend) 6. On September 1, 2010, Valdez Company reacquired 12,000 shares of its $10 par value common stock for $15 per share. Valdez uses the cost method to account for treasury stock. The journal entry to record the reacquisition of the stock should debit a. Treasury Stock for $120,000. b. Common Stock for $120,000. c. Common Stock for $120,000 and Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par for $60,000. . Treasury Stock for $180,000. 12,000 ? $15 = $180,000. (Credit is to cash. ) Page 3 of 10 7. Long Co. issued 100,000 shares of $10 par common stock for $1,200,000. Long acquired 8,000 shares of its own common stock at $15 per share. Three months later Long sold 4,000 of these shares at $19 per share. If the cost method is used to record treasury stock transactions, to record the sale of the 4,000 treasury shares, Long should credit a. Treasury Stock for $76,000. b. Treasury Stock for $40,000 and Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock for $36,000. c. Treasury Stock for $60,000 and Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock for $16,000. d. Treasury Stock for $60,000 and Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par for $16,000. 4,000 ? $15 = $60,000; 4,000 ? $4 = $16,000. Stock Issue: DR Cash 1,200,000, CR Common Stock $1,000,000, CR APIC $200,000 Repurchase: DR Treasury Stock 120,000, CR Cash 120,000 Sale: DR Cash 76,000, CR Treasury Stock 60,000, CR APIC-TS 16,000 8. Colson Inc. declared a $160,000 cash dividend. It currently has 6,000 shares of 7%, $100 par value cumulative preferred stock outstanding. It is one year in arrears on its preferred stock. How much cash will Colson distribute to the common stockholders? a. $76,000. b. $84,000. c. $118,000. d. None. Note: Assumes that the preferred tock is not participating since it does not say that it is. 6,000 ? $100 ? .07 = $42,000 PS Dividend Total Dividend of $160,000 – ($42,000 ? 2 years since one in arrears and it is cumulative) = $76,000 payable to common stockholders. If it was participating preferred stock, then each would equal dividends and you would need to know the amount of the common stock par to know how to divide it. Refer to example from Ch 15 lecture. . Hernandez Company has 350,000 shares of $10 par value common stock outstanding. During the year, Hernandez declared a 10% stock dividend when the market price of the stock was $30 per share. Four months later Hernandez declared a $. 50 per share cash dividend. As a result of the dividends declared during the year, retained earnings decreased by a. $1,242,500. b. $525,000. c. $192,500. d. $175,000. 350,000 ? .1 0 ? $30 = $1,050,000 Stock dividend: DR RE 1,050,000 and CR CS Dividend Distributable (for par) $50,000 and CR APIC 700,000 $1,050,000 + (350,000 ? 1. 0 (increase for stock dividend) ? $. 50) = $1,242,500. 10. On June 30, 2010, when Ermler Co. s stock was selling at $65 per share, its capital accounts were as follows: Capital stock (par value $50; 60,000 shares issued) Premium on capital stock Retained earnings $3,000,000 600,000 4,200,000 If a 100% stock dividend were declared and distributed, capital stock would be a. $3,000,000. b. $3,600,000. c. $6,000,000. d. $7,800,000. Declaration Date: DR RE 3,000,000 and CR CS Dividend Distributable 3,000,000 Payment Date: DR CS Dividend Distributable 3,000,000 and CR CS 3,000,000 Page 4 of 10 The following data are provided for 11 and 12: 10% Cumulative preferred stock, $50 par Common stock, $10 par Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings (includes current year net income) Net income December 31, 2011 2010 $100,000 $100,000 120,000 90,000 80,000 65,000 240,000 215,000 90,000 Additional information: On May 1, 2011, 3,000 shares of common stock were issued. The preferred dividends were not declared during 2011. The market price of the common stock was $50 at December 31, 2011. 11. The rate a. 90 ? b. 90 ? c. 80 ? d. 80 ? c = $80 ? 400. 12. The book value per share of common stock at 12/31/11 is a. 30 ? 12. b. 200 ? 12. c. 330 ? 12. d. 440 ? 11. $120,000 + $80,000 + (240,000 – $10,000) a ——————————————————— = $430 ? 12. 12,000 Chapter 18: Solve P18-5 b – 1, 2 and 3 using the Completed Contract Method for Practice ER18-1: POC and Completed Contract Methods Toaster Co. entered into the following contract with Oven Inc. to construct a new facility. At the time the contract was negotiated, Toaster was confident that they would be able to complete the contract to Oven’s specifications. Further, Oven had good credit standing and was expected to pay the contract in full in accordance with the billing terms. The contract started on March 1, 2009 and ended on December 15, 2011 when construction was complete. Toaster Co. Contract price: $10,000,000 Costs incurred Estimated costs to complete Progress billings Cash collections 2009 $3,600,000 4,400,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2010 $3,800,000 1,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2011 $800,000 0 3,500,000 4,500,000 of return on common stock equity for 2011 is 400. 440. 400. 440. 1) What should Toaster Co. consider in deciding between the Completed Contract and the POC methods? Based on these facts, which method is preferable? Toaster must use the POC method for long-term contracts when all three of the following exist: 1) terms are fixed per the contract 2) buyer is expected to pay and 3) contractor is expected to perform. If Toaster does not meet these three requirements, the completed contract method may be used. The completed contract method may also be used if the contract is short-term or Page 5 of 10 there are inherent hazards. Typically inherent hazards mean they cannot estimate the costs reliably for some reason. In this example, the terms are fixed and known as per above and both parties were expected to perform when the contract was negotiated. Since the contract is longterm and there are no inherent hazards mentioned, the POC method is not only preferred but it would be required. 2) What factors might cause Toaster Co. to use the Installment Sales or Cost Recovery methods? Toaster would have to not qualify for the POC method as discussed above. Further, the collectability of the contract price from Oven would have to be uncertain. The choice between installment sales and cost recovery depends on the level of uncertainty that Oven will pay. The more uncertain Toaster is, the more likely they would use the cost recovery method. ) Prepare the entries for all three years using the POC method. See template for ER18-1. Page 6 of 10 ER 18. 1 % Complete Calculations: 1 2 Costs to Year Date Given Given 2009 2010 2011 3,600,000 7,400,000 8,200,000 3 Estimated Total Costs Given 8,000,000 8,400,000 8,200,000 4 % Complete =2/3 45. 0% 88. 1% 100. 0% 5 Conrtract Price Given 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 6 Revenue Recognizable =4*5 4,5 00,000 8,809,524 10,000,000 7 Less Pys See PY line 4,500,000 8,809,524 8 Current Year =6-7 4,500,000 4,309,524 1,190,476 1 Year Given 2009 2010 2011 Journal Entries: Estimated Profit =5-3 2,000,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 10 % Complete* =4 above 45. 0% 88. 1% 11 Profit Recognizable =9*10 900,000 1,409,524 12 Less Pys See PY Line 900,000 13 Current Year =11-12 900,000 509,524 390,476 COMPLETED CONTRACT: 2009 2010 3,600,000 3,800,000 (3,600,000) (3,800,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2,500,000 (2,500,000) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2011 800,000 (800,000) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 4,500,000 (4,500,000) CIP AP AR Billings Cash AR CIP Const Expense Revenue Billings CIP 100. 0% 1,800,000 1,409,524 *Note assume 100% of the loss if a loss contract!! 009 2010 2011 3,600,000 3,800,000 800,000 CIP (3,600,000) (3,800,000) (800,000) AP 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2,500,000 (2,500,000) 900,000 3,600,000 (4,500,000) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 509,524 3,800,000 (4,309,524) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 4,500,000 (4,500,000) 390,476 800,000 (1,190,476) 10,000,000 (10,000,000) 2011 AR Billings Cash AR Const Expense Revenue Billings CIP (3,000,000) 3,600,000 600,000 (6,500,000) 7,400,000 900,000 8,200,000 (10,000,000) 10,000,000 (8,200,000) 2009 2010 Balance Sheet Presentation: Billings Total (3,000,000) (6,500,000) CIP Total 4,500,000 8,809,524 BS Amount: 1,500,000 2,100,000 Unbilled Unbilled Contract Costs Contract Costs Unbilled Unbilled Contract Costs Contract Costs Inventory Inventory Title: Section: Inventory Inventory 4) Prepare the entries for all three years using the Completed Contract method. See template for ER18-1. Page 7 of 10 5) Now assume the same as above except that in 2010, Toaster ran into some construction delays and actual costs incurred were $2,000,000 higher than stated above. The delays were Toaster’s fault and they were not able to bill Ovens Inc. for these extra costs incurred. Prepare the journal entries for all three years under both the POC and completed contract methods. See template for ER18-1 Part 5). Page 8 of 10 ER 18. 1 Part 5 % Complete Calculations: 1 2 Costs to Year Date Given Given 2009 2010 2011 3,600,000 9,400,000 10,200,000 3 Estimated Total Costs Given 8,000,000 10,400,000 10,200,000 4 % Complete =2/3 45. 0% 90. 4% 100. 0% 5 Conrtract Price Given 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 6 Revenue Recognizable =4*5 4,500,000 9,038,462 10,000,000 7 Less Pys See PY line 4,500,000 9,038,462 8 Current Year =6-7 4,500,000 4,538,462 961,538 Year Given 2009 2010 2011 Journal Entries: 9 Estimated Profit =5-3 2,000,000 (400,000) (200,000) 10 % Complete* =4 above 45. 0% 100. 0% 11 Profit Recognizable =9*10 900,000 (400,000) 12 Less Pys See PY Line 900,000 13 Current Year 2010 Contrstruction Expense: =11-12 5,838,462 900,000 (1,300,000) 200,000 COMPLETED CONTRACT: 2009 2010 3,600,000 5,800,000 (3,600,000) (5,800,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2,500,000 (2,500,000) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2011 800,000 (800,000) 3,500,000 3,500,000) 4,500,000 (4,500,000) 2011 Contruction Expense: 761,538 CIP AP AR Billings Cash AR CIP Const Expense Revenue Billings CIP 100. 0% (200,000) (400,000) *Note assume 100% of the loss if a loss contract!! 2009 2010 2011 3,600,000 5,800,000 800,000 CIP (3,600,000) (5,800,000) (800,000) AP 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2,500,000 (2,500,000) 900,000 3,600,000 (4,500,000) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) (1,300,000) 5,838,462 (4,538,462) 3,500,000 (3,500,000) 4,500,000 (4,500,000) 200,000 761,538 (961,538) 10,000,000 (10,000,000) 2011 AR Billings Cash AR Const Expense Revenue Loss on Contract Billings CIP (3,000,000) 3,600,000 600,000 400,000 (400,000) (6,500,000) 9,000,000 2,500,000 10,000,000 (10,000,000) (200,000) 10,000,000 (9,800,000) 2009 2010 Balance Sheet Presentation: Billings Total (3,000,000) (6,500,000) CIP Total 4,500,000 9,000,000 BS Amount: 1,500,000 2,100,000 Unbilled Unbilled Contract Costs Contract Costs Unbilled Unbilled Contract Costs Contract Costs Inventory Inventory Title: Section: Inventory Inventory ER 18–2: Installment Sales Method Cornick, Inc. appropriately used the installment method of accounting to recognize income in its financial statement. Some pertinent data relating to this method of accounting include: 2010 2011 Installment sales $750,000 $900,000 Cost of sales 450,000 630,000 Gross profit $300,000 $270,000 Collections during year: On 2010 sales 250,000 250,000 On 2011 sales 300,000 Prepare the journal entries for 2010 and 2011 required under the installment sales metho d. Gross Profit Rates: 2010 = 40% (300,000/750,000)/ 2011 = 30% (270,000/900,000) 2010 2011 DR CR DR CR AR – 2010 750,000 0 AR – 2011 0 900,000 Revenue 750,000 900,000 COGS Inventory Revenue COGS Deferred GP–2010 Deferred GP-2011 Cash AR – 2010 AR – 2011 450,000 450,000 750,000 450,000 300,000 0 250,000 250,000 0 100,000* 90,000** 100,000 190,000 550,000 250,000 300,000 900,000 630,000 0 270,000 630,000 630,000 Deferred GP–2010 100,000* Deferred GP-2011 0 Realized GP * 250,000 cash * 40% GP Rate ** 300,000 cash * 30% GP Rate Page 9 of 10 ER 18-3: Completed Contract and Percentage of Completion with Interim Loss Russell Custom Builders manufactures commercial building complexes. The following data is available for an airport construction contract: Amount in thousands Contract price: $10,000 2010 2011 2012 Costs incurred each year $1,900 $1,500 $5,000 Estimated costs to complete 3,100 6,000 0 Progress billings 4,000 4,000 2,000 Cash collections 3,000 4,000 3,000 1. Prepare the required entries for all three years under the percentage of completion method and the completed contract methods. See template for ER18-3. 2. Assume now that the project manager miscalculated the building’s window widths and all of the windows had to be reordered. This resulted in significant cost overruns. The costs were as follows: 2010 2011 2012 Costs incurred each year $1,900 $6,200 $2,900 Estimated costs to complete 3,100 2,800 0 Prepare the required entries for 2011 and 2012 under the percentage of completion method and the completed contract methods. See template for ER18-3 Part 2). Page 10 of 10 % Complete Calculations: 1 2 Costs to Year Date Given Given 2010 2011 2012 1,900,000 3,400,000 8,400,000 ER 18. 3 3 Estimated Total Costs Given 5,000,000 9,400,000 8,400,000 4 % Complete =2/3 38. 0% 36. 2% 100. 0% 5 Conrtract Price Given 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 6 Revenue Recognizable =4*5 3,800,000 3,617,021 10,000,000 7 Less Pys See PY line 3,800,000 3,617,021 8 Current Year =6-7 3,800,000 (182,979) 6,382,979 1 Year Given 2010 2011 2012 Journal Entries: 9 Estimated Profit =5-3 5,000,000 600,000 1,600,000 10 % Complete* =4 above 38. 0% 36. 2% 11 Profit Recognizable =9*10 1,900,000 217,021 12 Less Pys See PY Line 1,900,000 13 Current Year =11-12 1,900,000 (1,682,979) COMPLETED CONTRACT: 2010 2011 1,900,000 1,500,000 (1,900,000) (1,500,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) CIP AP AR Billings Cash AR CIP Const Expense Revenue Billings CIP 100. % 1,600,000 217,021 1,382,979 *Note assume 100% of the loss if a loss contract!! 2010 2011 2012 1,900,000 1,500,000 5,000,000 CIP (1,900,000) (1,500,000) (5,000,000) AP 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 1,900,000 1,900,000 (3,800,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) (1,682,979) 1,500,000 182,979 2,000,000 (2,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 1,382,979 5,000,000 (6,382,979) 10,000,000 (10,000,000) 2012 AR Billings Cash AR 2012 5,000,000 (5,000,000) 2,000,000 (2,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) Const Expense Revenue Billings CIP (4,000,000) 1,900,000 (2,100,000) (8,000,000) 3,400,000 (4,600,000) 8,400,000 (10,000,000) 10,000,000 (8,400,000) 2010 2011 Balance Sheet Presentation: Billings Total (4,000,000) (8,000,000) CIP Total 3,800,000 3,617,021 BS Amount: (200,000) (4,382,979) Billings in excess of Unbilled contract costs Contract Costs Billings in Billings in excess of excess of contract costs contract costs Current Liabilities Current Liabilities Current Liabilities Current Liabilities Title: Section: ER 18. 3 Part 2 % Complete Calculations: 1 2 Costs to Year Date Given Given 2010 2011 2012 1,900,000 8,100,000 11,000,000 3 Estimated Total Costs Given 5,000,000 10,900,000 11,000,000 4 % Complete =2/3 38. 0% 74. 3% 100. 0% 5 Conrtract Price Given 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 6 Revenue Recognizable =4*5 3,800,000 7,431,193 10,000,000 7 Less Pys See PY line 3,800,000 7,431,193 8 Current Year =6-7 3,800,000 3,631,193 2,568,807 1 Year Given 2010 2011 2012 Journal Entries: Estimated Profit =5-3 5,000,000 (900,000) (1,000,000) 10 % Complete* =4 above 38. 0% 100. 0% 11 Profit Recognizable =9*10 1,900,000 (900,000) 12 Less Pys See PY Line 1,900,000 13 Current Year 2010 Contrstruction Expense: =11-12 6,431,193 1,900,000 (2,800,000) (100,000) COMPLETED CONTRACT: 2010 2011 1,900,000 6,200,000 (1,900,000) (6,200,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 2012 2,900,000 (2,900,000) 2,000,000 (2,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 2011 Contruction Expense: 2,668,807 CIP AP AR Billings Cash AR CIP Const Expense Revenue Billings CIP 100. 0% (1,000,000) (900,000) *Note assume 100% of the loss if a loss contract!! 2010 2011 2012 1,900,000 6,200,000 2,900,000 CIP (1,900,000) (6,200,000) (2,900,000) AP 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) 1,900,000 1,900,000 (3,800,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) 4,000,000 (4,000,000) (2,800,000) 6,431,193 (3,631,193) 2,000,000 (2,000,000) 3,000,000 (3,000,000) (100,000) 2,668,807 (2,568,807) 10,000,000 (10,000,000) 2012 AR Billings Cash AR Const Expense Revenue Loss from contract Billings CIP (4,000,000) 1,900,000 (2,100,000) Billings in excess of contract costs Current Liabilities 900,000 (900,000) (8,000,000) 7,200,000 (800,000) Billings in excess of contract costs Current Liabilities 10,000,000 (10,000,000) 100,000 10,000,000 (10,100,000) 2010 Balance Sheet Presentation: Billings Total (4,000,000) CIP Total 3,800,000 BS Amount: (200,000) 2011 (8,000,000) 7,200,000 (800,000) Title: Billings in Billings in excess of excess of contract costs contract costs Current Liabilities Current Liabilities Section:

WWI Draft Registration Records

WWI Draft Registration Records All males in the United States  between the ages of 18  and 45  were required by law to register for the draft throughout 1917 and 1918, making WWI draft records a rich source of  information on millions of American males born between about 1872 and 1900. The WWI draft registration records are by far the biggest group of such draft records in the U.S., containing names, ages, dates, and place of birth for more than 24 million men.   Notable registrants of the World War One draft include, among many others,  Louis Armstrong, Fred Astaire, Charlie Chaplin, Al Capone, George Gershwin, Norman Rockwell, and  Babe Ruth.   Record Type: Draft registration cards, original records (microfilm and digital copies also available) Location:  U.S., although some individuals of foreign birth are also included. Time Period:  1917–1918 Best For: Learning the exact date of birth for all registrants (especially useful for men born prior to the onset of state birth registration), and exact place of birth for men born between 6 June 1886 and 28 August 1897 who registered in the first or second draft (possibly the only source of this information for foreign-born men who never became naturalized U.S. citizens). What Are WWI Draft Registration Records? On May 18, 1917, the Selective Service Act authorized the President to temporarily increase the U.S. military. Under the office of the Provost Marshal General, the Selective Service System was established to draft men into military service. Local boards were created for each county or similar state subdivision, and for each 30,000 people in cities and counties with a population greater than 30,000. During World War I there were three draft registrations: 5 June 1917 - all men between the ages of 21 and 31 residing in the U.S. - whether native born, naturalized, or alien5 June 1918 - men who reached age 21 after 5 June 1917. (A supplemental registration, included in the second registration, was held on 24 August 1918, for men who turned 21 years old after 5 June 1918.)12 September 1918 - all men between age 18 and 45. What You Can Learn From WWI Draft Records: At each of the three draft registrations a different form was used, with slight variations in the information requested. In general, however, youll find the registrants full name, address, phone number, date and place of birth, age, occupation and employer, the name and address of the nearest contact or relative, and the signature of the registrant. Other boxes on the draft cards asked for descriptive details such as race, height, weight, eye and hair color and other physical characteristics. Keep in mind that WWI Draft Registration Records are not military service records and they dont document anything past the individuals arrival at training camp and contain no information about an individuals military service. It is also important to note that not all of the men who registered for the draft actually served in the military, and not all men who served in the military registered for the draft. Where Can I Access WWI Draft Records? The original WWI draft registration cards are in the custody of the National Archives - Southeast Region near Atlanta, Georgia. They are also available on microfilm (National Archives publication M1509) at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, local Family History Centers, the National Archives and its Regional Archive centers. On the Web, subscription-based Ancestry.com offers a searchable index of the WWI Draft Registration Records, as well as digital copies of the actual cards. The complete collection of digitized WWI draft records, plus a searchable index, is also available online for free from FamilySearch - United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917–1918. How to Search the WWI Draft Registration Records To effectively search for an individual among the WWI draft registration records, youll need to know at least the name and the county in which he registered. In large cities and in some large counties, youll also need to know the street address to determine the correct draft board. There were 189 local boards in New York City, for example. Searching by name only is not always enough as is fairly common to have numerous registrants with the same name. If you dont know the individuals street address, there are several sources where you may be able to find this information. City directories are the best source, and can be found at most large public libraries in that city and through Family History Centers. Other sources include the 1920 Federal Census (assuming that the family didnt move after the draft registration), and any contemporary records of events that occurred about that time (vital records, naturalization records, wills, etc.). If youre searching online and dont know where your individual was living, you can sometimes find him through other identifying factors. Many individuals, especially in the southeast U.S., registered by their full name, including middle name, which can make them easier to identify. You could also narrow the search by month, day and/or year of birth.

Database Applications Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Database Applications - Research Paper Example It mainly focuses on the safe management and maintenance of data, and providing access to multiple applications and users simultaneously. Despite its complexity as compared to flat text files and spreadsheets, it actually makes things easier considering the weaknesses of the latter (i.e. redundant information, outdated data, file size, complex protection of data from unauthorized use and from becoming corrupt), particularly when working with large-scale applications. These issues aforementioned are taken cared of Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), such that the flexibility and security of data outweighs the complexity of the system. Codd's idea was to break down a long row of data fields into smaller tables describing specific subsets of the data collected, ultimately reducing the data footprint and cost. Furthermore, it enforces data integrity by ensuring data type correctness (by using strong data types), eliminating redundant data (by saving data entities in just one p lace), disallowing harmful deletes (by using key constraints), and guarantees efficient retrieval and manipulation of data (by splitting up data into chunks). With SQL Server 2005 Express Edition, you get the advantages of RDBMS.

Pain Managment In Palliative Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Pain Managment In Palliative Care - Assignment Example This is because pain is very severe and distressing in cancer patients and can lead to physical disability, emotional maladjustment, social detachment, psychological depression and distress, sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, and feeling of unwell and above all make their journey to death miserable (National Health Service, 2006). In fact, pain is the only aspect of terminal illness that can be relieved. Nurses taking care of terminally ill cancer patients must be aware of this and take necessary measures to relieve pain in them (Kearney et al, 2000). This essay discusses pain relief management in a terminally ill cancer patient an exercise to gain further understanding into palliative care of advanced malignancy. The aim of palliative care is to enhance the quality of life of the patient and influence the course of the disease in the most positive sense. The care must be initiated as early as possible in the course of the disease in conjunction with other supportive therapies like chemotherapeutic, medical and surgical interventions. Palliative care adapts the philosophy of hospice care and the interdisciplinary practice. It applies to all terminally ill patients irrespective of their diagnosis, race, religion, age, gender and culture (National Cancer Control Programme, 2005). Pain relief is the corner stone of palliative care and enhances the spiritual value of care. Along with pain relief, other symptoms like nausea and vomiting, regional swelling, sleeplessness, gastritis and constipation must be addressed (Johnson et al, 2006). Quality of life of the patient may be enhanced by encouraging the patient and allowing the patient to indulge in activities which are a source of enjoyment and relaxation for him or her like watching movies and listening to music, by making the patient feel that the patient is yet a much wanted member in the family and by providing the patient time and space to spend